安科瑞剩余电流继电器在智能建筑中的应用
摘要：分析了智能建筑应用剩余电流继电器的必要性，介绍了ASJ剩余电流继电器的主要功能、工作原理、分类情况和提出了在选择剩余电流保护断路器时的原则和注意事项。
Abstract: the necessity of applying residual current relay in intelligent building is analyzed, the main functions, working principle, classification situation of ASJ residual current relay are introduced, and the principles and precautions in selecting residual current protection circuit breaker are indicated.
关键词：ASJ剩余电流继电器；智能建筑；应用。
Keywords: ASJ residual current relay; intelligent building; application.
1.前言 Background
剩余电流继电器是检测剩余电流，将剩余电流值与基准值相比较，当剩余电流值超过基准值时，发出一个机械开闭信号（使机械开关电器脱扣或声光报警装置发出报警）的电器。剩余电流继电器通常与低压断路器或低压接触器等组成组合式剩余电流保护装置，主要适用于交流50Hz，额定电压400V及以下的TT和TN系统配电线路，用来对电气线路进行接地故障保护，防止接地故障电流引起的设备损坏和电气火灾事故，也可用来对人身触电危险提供间接接触保护，因而可以在智能建筑供配电系统中广泛应用。
The residual current relay is to detect the residual current and compare the residual current value with the reference value. When the residual current value exceeds the reference value, An electrical appliance that sends out a mechanical opening and closing signal. The residual current relay is usually composed of a combined residual current protection device with low voltage circuit breaker or low voltage contactor. It is mainly suitable for TT and TN system distribution lines with rated voltage of 50 Hz, and below. It can also provide indirect contact protection for personal electric shock, so it can be widely used in intelligent building power supply and distribution system.
2.剩余电流继电器主要用途 Main uses of residual current relay
2.1 间接接触电击保护 Protection of Indirect Contact Electric Shock
间接接触电击保护的措施是自动切断电源。GB 13955“对间接接触电击事故的防护”规定：“间接接触电击事故防护的主要措施是采用自动切断电源的保护方式，以防止由于电气设备绝缘损坏发生损坏事故。当电路发生绝缘损坏造成接地故障。其故障电流值小于过电流保护装置的动作电流值时，应安装剩余电流保护装置。”研究表明，电气装置的任何部分发生绝缘故障时，一旦接触电压超过 50 V 时，需要在规定的时间内自动切断故障部分电源。过电流保护装置受电气线路和设备及自身动作值限制，不能自动切断电源。剩余电流保护装置不受负荷电流影响，可与过电流保护装置配合使用，作间接接触电击保护 。
The measure of indirect contact electric shock protection is to automatically cut off the power supply. GB 13955" the protection of indirect contact electric shock accident "stipulates :" the main measure of indirect contact electric shock accident protection is to adopt the protection mode of automatically cutting off the power supply to prevent the damage accident caused by the insulation damage of electrical equipment. When the circuit insulation damage caused by grounding fault. When the fault current value is less than the operating current value of the over-current protection device, the residual current protection device shall be installed ." According to the research, the safe value of contact voltage is 50V. For personal safety, when insulation failure occurs in any part of the electrical device, once the contact voltage exceeds 50V, it is necessary to automatically cut off the fault part of the power supply within the specified time. The over-current protection device is limited by the electrical circuit and equipment and its own action value, and can not automatically cut off the power supply. The residual current protection device is not affected by the load current and can be used in conjunction with the over-current protection device for indirect contact electric shock protection.
2.2 接地故障保护 Ground fault protection
接地是带电导体和大地、接地的金属外壳或与地有联系的构件之间的接触，其故障可能导致人身电击伤亡和设备损坏，严重时可能引发电气火灾。接地故障保护过去通常采用过电流保护装置进行保护，当接地故障电流大于过电流保护装置定值时，由过电流保护装置切断故障电路。TT系统中额定电流较大、配电线路较长的线路，TN系统中带电导线落地接地故障、不良的金属性接地故障、电弧性接地故障时，都有可能出现接地故障电流小于过电流保护动作整定电流，过电流保护装置不动作的情况。剩余电流保护装置，或带接地故障保护的断路器，能可靠地进行接地故障保护。
Grounding is the contact between a live conductor and the earth, a grounded metal shell or a component connected to the ground. Its failure may lead to personal electric shock casualties and equipment damage, and may cause electrical fire in serious cases. Ground fault protection used to be protected by over-current protection device. When the grounding fault current is greater than the fixed value of the over-current protection device, the fault circuit is cut off by the over-current protection device.
In TT system, the line with larger rated current and longer distribution line, grounding fault of live conductor, unsafe metallic grounding fault and arc grounding fault in TN system may occur that the grounding fault current is less than the setting current of over-current protection action, and the over-current protection device does not act. Residual current protection device, or circuit breaker with ground fault protection, can reliably carry out ground fault protection.
2.3 电气火灾保护 Electrical fire protection
电气火灾通常由电气短路引起，电气短路包括金属性短路和电弧性短路。前者是带电导体间（如相与相之间、相与 N 线之间）短路，多以高温熔焊金属为通路，故障电流以千安计，高温易使绝缘氧化而自燃，火灾危险虽大，但可用带短路保护的断路器和熔断器保护，由断路器瞬时动作切断电源，避免火灾。后者是带电导体对地短路，多以电弧为通路，故障电流虽小，但一方面电弧长时间延续，局部温度高，很容易点燃周边可燃物质，引发火灾；另一方面，又不足以使一般断路器动作跳闸切断电源。所以电弧性短路引起火灾危险远大于金属性短路。带剩余电流动作保护功能的断路器可在过电流保护装置不动作的情况下切断保障电路，防止电弧性短路引发的电气火灾。
Electrical fire is usually caused by electrical short circuit, which includes metal short circuit and arc short circuit. The former is a short circuit between live conductors (such as between phases, between phases and N lines). The fault current is calculated in kilo ampere. High temperature is easy to cause insulation oxidation and spontaneous combustion.
Although the fire hazard is great, it can be protected by circuit breakers and fuses with short circuit protection, and the power supply is cut off by instantaneous action of circuit breaker to avoid fire. The latter is a live conductor short circuit to the ground, mostly arc as the path, although the fault current is small, but on the one hand, the arc lasts for a long time, the local temperature is high, it is easy to ignite the surrounding combustible material and cause fire. Therefore, the fire hazard caused by arc short circuit is much greater than that of metal short circuit. The circuit breaker with residual current action protection function can cut off the support circuit without the operation of the over-current protection device to prevent the electrical fire caused by the arc short circuit.
3.ASJ系列剩余电流继电器 ASJ Series of Residual Current Relay
3.1 型号和功能 Model & Function
3.2 技术参数 Technical Parameters
3.3 典型应用示意图 Typical Application Schematic
4.剩余电流继电器在智能建筑中的应用场合举例
Examples of application of residual current relay in intelligent building
4.1 智能化住宅建筑及宾馆客房 Intelligent residential buildings and hotel rooms
住宅及宾馆中的电熨斗、电吹风、电热水壶，使用频率高，容易发生导线破损、水溅到插座等情况，严重危害人身，需要监测漏电流并进行保护。智能化住宅建筑和宾馆客房中安装了剩余电流继电器，可以在发生漏电或触电的情况下切断电源，保护人身。
The electric iron, hair dryer and electric kettle in residential and hotel have high frequency of use, which are prone to wire breakage and water splashing to socket, which seriously endanger personal safety and need to monitor leakage current and protect it. The residual current relay is installed in the intelligent residential building and hotel room, which can cut off the power supply and protect the personal safety in the case of leakage or electric shock.
4.2 智能化建筑中的游泳池 Swimming Pool in Intelligent Building
现代运动场、宾馆多为带有游泳池的智能化建筑，为了保证游泳池清洁，一般的游泳池都设有循环水泵系统。游泳池是人群密集的场所，为了保护人员，游泳池的循环水泵系统都要装设剩余电流继电器。保证在循环水泵系统出现漏电故障时能及时跳闸，切断电源，保护人员。
Modern sports fields and hotels are mostly intelligent buildings with swimming pool. In order to ensure the swimming pool is clean, the general swimming pool is equipped with circulating water pump system. Swimming pool is a crowded place. In order to ensure the safety of personnel, the circulating water pump system of swimming pool should be equipped with residual current relay. Ensure timely tripping, cutting off power supply and protecting personal safety when leakage fault occurs in circulating water pump system.
4.3 智能化建筑工地 Intelligent construction site
智能化建筑施工工地常用到散装水泥和混凝土搅拌机、塔式起重机等各种建筑机械，手钻、切割机等各种移动式用电工具，需要向它们临时供电。一般建筑工地环境潮湿，人员繁多，结构复杂，用电设备多为移动式，且配电线路长而复杂，容易受到外力破坏，很容易造成漏电，危害人员的。因此，在建筑工地一般要设置额定剩余动作电流在30 mA左右的剩余电流继电器。
Intelligent construction sites are commonly used to bulk cement and concrete mixers, tower cranes and other construction machinery, hand drills, cutting machines and other mobile power tools, need to supply them temporary power. The general construction site environment is wet, the personnel is numerous, the structure is complex, the electric equipment is mostly mobile, and the distribution line is long and complex, easy to be damaged by the external force, it is easy to cause the leakage and endanger the safety of personnel. Therefore, the residual current relay with rated residual current about 30mA should be set up in the construction site.
5.小结 Summary
安科瑞电气的ASJ系列剩余电流继电器自推出以来，在工业、民用、地铁、智能建筑等多种场合应用，起到了较好的保护效果，值得推广使用。
Acrel ASJ series of residual current relays have been applied in many occasions, such as industry, civil, subway, intelligent building and so on, which has played a good protective effect and is worth promotional use.
